G.E.T.+Flights

`G.E.T. Flights[[file:angelnievesnilephoto11112.docx]][[file:angels. docx.docx]][[file:1.wpd]]
>  > Location of Rome? What continent? On what body of water? (__Our World__)
 * 1) 

A manor was a village/ villages where peasants would live. A manor would also probably have a church. In a manor you would typically find a church, a mill, a castle, and a manor house. A serfs life was hard and difficult because they grew barely enough food. War and disease were common, and most people died at an early age. The social class above the serfs was a noble. . The serfs paid their taxes to their lord

The crusades were a series of wars to take over the holy land. The end of the middle ages system of economic survival was by people because they realised they could live better by trading and that they could get a lot of trading goods like silks and spices. Money was essential to the growth of trade during the renaissance because when they started using money they ralized that they would not have to trade oxen for sheep, or drinking horns for cloth because they now had the experience to buy all sorts of goods.
 * //__ The Advent of Trade and the Growth of Towns __//**
 * 1) Read page 352 in __Our World__. Questions: What were the Crusades, and how did they encourage the end of the Middle Ages’ system of economic survival—the manor system? How did the Crusades put Europeans in contact with different cultures, different ideas, and a variety of trade goods? What did people discover they could make a living by doing, instead?
 * 1) Read page 156 in __A Little History of the World__. Questions: Why would money—as opposed to bartering one type of goods for another—have been essential to the growth of trade during the Renaissance?

How might a guild actually promote the trade of goods? Think “quality.” A guild was an association or group of craftsmen. A guild might promote the trade of goods because all the craftsmen can create a n even bigger guild to attract more and more people.
 * 1) Read page 157 in __A Little History of the World__. Questions: What is a guild?


 * // Crafts, Trade, and Banking: The Birth of the Renaissance //**
 * 1) Read page 357 in __Our World__. Questions: Where did the Renaissance begin, and why did it begin in this city? Why did this city become one of the wealthiest in Europe? The renaissance began in a city in northen Italy called Florence, and the renaissance began in this city because traders from florence brought spices and silks to europe from asia and africa. Florence became the richest city in europe because they had workshops that made high quality woolen cloth and other goods.

> Oil, cheese, and grain merchants; chaff and fodder makers. > . Butchers > Cobblers. > Spicers. > Bakers (for bakeovens). > Cooks, sellers of tripe, cooked beans, and bean-meal, vegetables, vermicelli, stews, etc. > Retail wine merchants, as tax, 2 denarii per pound received from the sale of wine. > > **Clothing & Appearance** > Furriers. > Linen and yarn merchants > Purse makers. > Harness and beltmakers. > Saddlers. > <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">Cloth-folders and finishers of French cloth. > <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">Hat and cap makers. > <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">Cloth-folders and finishers of Florentine cloth. > <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"><span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">Spiked helmet, buckle, and clasp makers. > <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 120%;">Tailors, seamstresses, and menders. > <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 120%;">Weavers of all kinds. > //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Arte della Lana. //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> [wool] > <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 120%;">St. Mary's Gate [silk]. > <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 120%;">Dyers of all kinds. > <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 120%;">Old clothes and linen dealers. > > **//<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Weaponry //** > <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 120%;">Black Smiths. > <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 120%;">Stonemasons and woodcutters. > <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 120%;">Goldsmiths and flaskmakers. > <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 120%;">Fletchers and arrow makers. > <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 120%;">Crossbow and bow makers. > > **//<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Craftsmen //** > <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 120%;">Rough carpenters and manufacturers of saddles for asses and mules. > <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 120%;">Manufacturers of pack-saddles. > <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 120%;">Dealers in bedfeathers and matress-makers. > <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 120%;">Tanners, wholesale and retail. > <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 120%;">Chest and trunk makers. > <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Coopers, barrel makers, coffin makers, kneading-trough makers. > <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Tallow merchants and catgut makers. > <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Wagon or carriage makers. > <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Manufacturers of iron and wooden shields. > <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Barbers. > <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Bowlmakers, dart makers, turners, spinning-wheel finishers. > <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Painters. > <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Combmakers. > <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Makers and sellers of glass vessels > <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Parchment merchants and bookbinders. > <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Journeymen and apprentices to dealers in merchandise. > <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Smelters and workers at furnaces, coin makers; as well as those who put the gold and silver in the furnaces; also the assayers in all money operations. > <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Packers. > <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Dicemakers. > <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Manufacturers of glass vessels in the district. > <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Bell founders. > <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Wheel makers. > <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Brokers of all kinds. > <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Workers in the marble and sandstone quarries. > <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Basket makers. > <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Workers in the quarry, and sellers of quarry products. > <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Armor smiths and sword smiths. > <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Helmet smiths and brass workers <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">**Professions**
 * 1) Read the document from the Internet “Florentine Crafts Subject to Tax (1316)” Questions: How many different crafts were subject to a tax? (List as many different categories of jobs. So, for example, bakers and butchers belong to the category of “Food Preparation.” Hat and capmakers and furriers belong to the category of “Clothing and Appearance.” That’s two “families.” What are the others? ) Question: If you were a merchant who made his living by trade, why would Florence have been an important destination for trade? There were 74 crafts that were subject a tax. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">**//Food & Preparation//**

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Physicians <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Innkeepers. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Greengrocers. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Hand porters. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Teachers of grammar, arithmetic, reading, and writing. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Money changers or bankers. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Sewer cleaners and garbage removers. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Public weighers. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">City river fishermen. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Millstone makers. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Brick and lime burners, and makers of earthen vessels. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Lenders of draught mules. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Judges and notaries. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Town criers. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Dealers in used and new locks. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Ass drivers, haulers of sand, lime, mortar, paving stone, tiles, slates, stones, and hewn stones. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Proprietors of bath rooms. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">//Calimala//.


 * 1) Read the sidebar “box” on page 361 on “The Growth of Banking” in __Our World__. Questions: How does a bank work? How does a banker make money? Why would trade, tradesman, and merchants need a system of borrowing money? A banker makes money by collecting money and lending money with interest. Trade, tradesman and merchants need a system of borrowing money so that they can buy and sell more goods like cloth and spices. People who trade by ship would need to borrow money because it is expensive to buy or retn a ship and equipment on the ship.


 * // The Telescope //**
 * 1) Read __Our World__ page 450. Questions: What important invention did Galileo improve? To which Italian city-state did he sell his invention? Why would sailors have been interested in having this invention? How might this invention have improved shipping and trade? Galileo improved the important invention of the telescope. He sold it to the navy of Venice. This invention improved shipping and trade, because the navy could use the telescope to look for enemy ships, friendly ships, or where they wanted to land.

Read. Questions: Who invented the printing press, and in what year? How does the printing press work? How might the printing press have encouraged more trade? James Gutenberg invented the printing press. The printing press works by reusing letters to form new words page by page. It encouraged more trade because the books were being created faster and their would be more books for people to buy. The printing press encouraged more trade by advertising goods, like cloth, so that people would be interested in buying those goods.
 * // The Printing Press //**
 * 1) Read the “Exploring Technology” sidebar in __Our World__ on page 368.


 * // Voyages of Discovery //**
 * 1) Read page 457 in __Our World__. Questions: What did Prince Henry of Portugal want desperately to find? How, specifically, did he try to accomplish this through education and invention? How, or why, was the caravel an improvement to the older style of ships? Prince Henry of Portugal desperately to find a sea route to the riches of Africa and Asia. The prince tried to accomplish this by building a school where the most skillful sailors mapmmakers, and ship builders to work. The caravel was an improvment to the older style of the ships because it had the bodies of european ships, and three sided sails of Arab boats.


 * 1) Read __Our World__ page 457. Questions: What did Dias discover? What did da Gama accomplish in 1502? For which country did both explorers “work for”? Dias discovered a sea route from Europe to Asia. Da Gama went to India with warships to take over the rich port cities of portugal. The both of them worked for Europe.
 * 2) Read __Our World__ page 458. Questions: Which country hired Christopher Columbus? Why did they hire him—to do what? Christopher Columbus was hired by spain. They hired him to sail to Asia. They hired Christopher Columbus because they hoped that the lands he visited were rich in gold.
 * 3) Read __Our World__ page 458 and 459. Questions: What continent did Vespucci explore? How did his exploration help to expand our knowledge of the world through maps? Vespucci explored the continent of South America. Vespucci wrote about his voyages in his journals and a German mapmaker included Vespucci's two continents on a map in 1507. The mapmaker called the continents America in honor of Vespucci.
 * 4) Read __Our World__, page 460. Questions: What did England’s explorers how to find? Why did they want to find this? Which Italian sailor was the first European to sail into New York harbor? Whom did the French hire to give France a trading “foothold” in North America?  England's explorers hoped to find a Northwest Passage, a water route to the wealth of Asia. Giovanni de Verranzano was the first European to sail into New York harbor.
 * 5) According to the section entitled, “The Benefits of Exploration” on pages 460 and 461 of __Our World__, what was the long-term effect of explorers seeking new sea routes? The long term affect was that it added greatly to the European of he world and as new sea routes, became more closley linked through trade and communication.
 * 1) According to the section entitled, “The Benefits of Exploration” on pages 460 and 461 of __Our World__, what was the long-term effect of explorers seeking new sea routes? The long term affect was that it added greatly to the European of he world and as new sea routes, became more closley linked through trade and communication.
 * 1) According to the section entitled, “The Benefits of Exploration” on pages 460 and 461 of __Our World__, what was the long-term effect of explorers seeking new sea routes? The long term affect was that it added greatly to the European of he world and as new sea routes, became more closley linked through trade and communication.
 * 1) According to the section entitled, “The Benefits of Exploration” on pages 460 and 461 of __Our World__, what was the long-term effect of explorers seeking new sea routes? The long term affect was that it added greatly to the European of he world and as new sea routes, became more closley linked through trade and communication.